Anastomosis dehiscence of gastrointestinal tract and digestive fistulas

Abstract

The loss of integrity of an anastomosis, is still a common complication that results in high mortality rates. Several techniques have been developed in intestinal anastomosis, either with handmade sutures as mechanicals, but still with a high prevalence of dehiscence and fistula. Gastrointestinal fistulas are defined by anomalous ducts which communicate with the gut other structure of the body, which may be a hollow intra-abdominal viscera, abdominal cavity, skin, or any other underlying organ. Fistulas usually derive from surgical complications, but may also be a result of some pathological inflammatory process. Sometimes fistulas can have high severity which results in prolonged hospitalization, as well as organic and emotional disorders for the patient. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the gastrointestinal fistula subject, focusing on etiology, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, current therapy and prognosis.