Polimorfismo em genes associados à suscetibilidade para a tuberculose
Palabras clave:
Genes, Suscetibilidade, TuberculoseResumen
Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad crónica e infecciosa, es una de las enfermedades con mayor número de muertes, y en el año 2016 se reportaron alrededor de 6,1 millones de casos nuevos y cerca de 6,1 millones de personas afectadas por la enfermedad en el mundo. Y según datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se estima que en 2014 murieron 1,5 millones de personas a causa de la tuberculosis. La tuberculosis (TB) tiene como principal causa la infección del individuo por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), esta enfermedad tiene una presentación clínica que afecta principalmente a los pulmones, pudiendo también invadir otros órganos. La infección por la bacteria por sí sola no es suficiente para causar la enfermedad, algunos factores también interfieren en la evolución de la enfermedad, como el estado inmunológico del individuo, las interacciones genéticas y los factores ambientales se sugieren para el desarrollo de la TB. Objetivos: Explicar los polimorfismos en los genes SLC11A1, IL-10, TNF-α e INF-γ, y el receptor de vitamina D (VDR), y comprender sus funciones inmunológicas para combatir la bacteria, diferenciando así las variaciones genéticas en el bases nitrogenadas de esos genes. Metodología: Se realizaron investigaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, Medline, Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SCIELO), Google Scholar (Google Scholar), Pubmed y Virtual Health Library (BVs), considerando estudios en lengua portuguesa. como elegible e inglés, así como libros, tesis y disertaciones. Resultados: Los SNP son los principales tipos de polimorfismos relacionados con la susceptibilidad de un individuo a enfermedades infecciosas y pueden estar en diferentes regiones del ADN. Se ha estudiado la implicación de los SNP en enfermedades infecciosas y se han desarrollado muchos experimentos para identificar factores genéticos asociados a la susceptibilidad a alguna enfermedad, especialmente a la TB. Conclusión: Por ser una enfermedad muy compleja, es importante avanzar en la investigación genética de la TB para comprender el papel de los genes en la susceptibilidad del individuo a la enfermedad. También contribuye al desarrollo de vacunas y tratamientos para el control de la enfermedad.
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