Polimorfismo em genes associados à suscetibilidade para a tuberculose
Keywords:
Genes, Suscetibilidade, TuberculoseAbstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and infectious disease, it is one of the diseases with the highest number of deaths, and in 2016 about 6.1 million new cases were reported and about 6.1 million people were affected by the disease in the world. And according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2014, 1.5 million people died from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) has as its main cause the infection of the individual by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), this disease has a clinical presentation that mainly affects the lungs, and can also invade other organs. The infection by the bacteria alone is not enough to cause the disease, some factors also interfere with the evolution of the disease, such as the individual's immune status, genetic interactions and environmental factors are suggested for the development of TB. Objectives: To explain the polymorphisms in the SLC11A1, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ genes, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and to understand their immunological functions to fight the bacteria, thus differentiating the genetic variations in the nitrogenous bases of those genes. Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative researches were carried out in national and international databases, Medline, Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SCIELO), Google Scholar (Google Scholar), Pubmed and Virtual Health Library (BVs), considering studies in Portuguese languages as eligible and English, as well as books, theses and dissertations. Results: SNPs are the main types of polymorphisms related to an individual's susceptibility to infectious disease, and they can be in different regions of the DNA. The involvement of SNPs in infectious diseases has been studied, and many experiments have been developed to identify genetic factors associated with susceptibility to some disease, especially TB. Conclusion: As it is a very complex disease, it is important to advance genetic research on TB to understand the role of genes in the individual's susceptibility to the disease. It also contributes to the development of vaccines and treatments to control the disease.
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