Determinants of impairment test loss recognition

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21680/2176-9036.2020v12n2ID19759

Keywords:

Impairment Test, loss recognition determinants, discretion.

Abstract

Purpose: verify which determinants influence the recognition of the Impairment Test (IT) loss recognition in Brazilian companies listed in B3.

Methodology: The research was performed with 169 non-financial companies listed in B3, which may or may not have presented information of IT loss, in the analysis period from 2009 up to 2017. To test the hypotheses of this research, the logit model was applied. In order to avoid the outliers problem, which may affect the estimated coefficients, all variables were winsorized in 1% in each side of their distribution. The results, however, with and without winsorization were mantained in order to attest to the consistency of the findings. The standard errors were clusterized, so as to avoid autocorrelation problems in the model’s residual data.

Results: It was noticed that the Return on Equity, the Book-to-Market index, Management Change, Big Bath and Property Control were considered influential determinants on IT loss recognition in the companies listed in B3.

Contributions of the Study: The study brings forth practical justifications for IT appliability, offering importante accounting information for managers, investors, accounting professional, policy and rule makers. From a theoretical point of view it contibutes to the literature on determinant factors for IT loss of actives.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Karla Roberta Castro Pinheiro Alves, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB

Doutora em Ciências Contábeis pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade de Brasília. Professora do Departamento de Contabilidade da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Campus I.

César Augusto Tibúrcio Silva, Universidade de Brasília

Doutor em Controladoria e Contabilidade pela Universidade de São Paulo, Professor do Departamento de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade – Prédio da FACE – Asa Norte

References

Abughazaleh, N. M., Al-Hares, O. M., & Roberts, C. (2011). Accounting Discretion in Goodwill Impairments: UK evidence. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 22(3), 165–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646X.2011.01049.x

Al-Hiyari, A., Latif, R. A., & Amran, N. A. (2016). Do Big 4 Auditors Improve the Ability of Goodwill to Forecast Future Cash Flows? The Malaysian evidence. Corporate Ownership and Control, 13(3), 164–172.

André, P., Filip, A., & Paugam, L. (2015). The Effect of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Conditional Conservatism in Europe. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 42(3–4), 482–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12105

André, P., Filip, A., & Paugam, L. (2016). Examining the Patterns of Goodwill Impairments in Europe and the US. Accounting in Europe, 13(3), 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2016.1260748

Arcas, M. J., & Martí, C. (2016). Financial Performance Adjustment in English Local Governments. Australian Accounting Review, 26(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12094

Beatty, A., & Weber, J. (2006). Accounting Discretion in Fair Value Estimates: an examination of SFAS 142 goodwill impairments. Journal of Accounting Research, 44(2), 257–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00200.x

Beaver, W. H. (1998). Financial Reporting: an accounting revolution. (Prentice-Hall, Ed.) (3 ed.).

Bepari, M. K., & Mollik, A. T. (2015). Effect of Audit Quality and Accounting and Finance Backgrounds of Audit Committee Members on Firms’ Compliance with IFRS for Goodwill Impairment Testing. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 16(2), 196–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2013-0038

Bepari, M. K., & Mollik, A. T. (2017). Regime change in the accounting for goodwill: goodwill write-offs and the value relevance of older goodwill. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 25(1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-09-2016-0047

Bepari, M. K., Rahman, S. F., & Mollik, A. T. (2014). Firms’ Compliance with the Disclosure Requirements of IFRS for Goodwill Impairment Testing: effect of the global financial crisis and other firm characteristics. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 10(1), 116–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-02-2011-0008

Boone, J. P., & Raman, K. K. (2007). Does Implementation Guidance Affect Opportunistic Reporting and Value Relevance of Earnings? Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 26, 160–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2007.02.004

Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. (Cambridge University Press, Ed.) (3rd ed.).

Bugeja, M., & Loyeung, A. (2017). Accounting for business combinations and takeover premiums: Pre- and post-IFRS. Australian Journal of Management, 42(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896215614630

Cao, T., Shaari, H., & Donnelly, R. (2018). Impairment Reversals?: unbiased reporting or earnings management?? International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 2(26), 245–271.

Cappellesso, G., Rodrigues, J. M., & Prieto, M. de F. (2017). Redução ao valor recuperável do goodwill: Evidências do gerenciamento de resultados em sua determinação. ASAA JOURNAL - Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting, 10(3), 286–303.

Caruso, G. D., Ferrari, E. R., & Pisano, V. (2016). Earning Management and Goodwill Impairment: an empirical analysis in the Italian M&A context. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(1), 120–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-09-2016-0165

Chalmers, K. G., Godfrey, J. M., & Webster, J. C. (2011). Does a Goodwill Impairment Regime Better Reflect the Underlying Economic Attributes of Goodwill? Accounting and Finance, 51(3), 634–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2010.00364.x

Chen, L. H., Krishnan, J., & Sami, H. (2015). Goodwill Impairment Charges and Analyst Forecast Properties. Accounting Horizons, 29(1), 141–169. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-50941

Chen, V. Y. S., Keung, E. C., & Lin, I.-M. (2019). Disclosure of Fair Value Measurement in Goodwill Impairment Test and Audit Fees. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 15(3), 100160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2019.100160

Collins, D., & Henning, S. (2004). Write-down Timeliness, Line-of-business Disclosures and Investors’ Interpretations of Segment Divestiture Announcements. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 31(9–10), 1261–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0306-686X.2004.00574.x

CPC, C. de P. C. (2010). Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 01 (R1) - Redução ao Valor Recuperável de Ativos (Vol. 01). Retrieved from http://static.cpc.aatb.com.br/Documentos/27_CPC_01_R1_rev 12.pdf

Duh, R.-R., Lee, W.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2009). Reversing an Impairment Loss and Earnings Management: the role of corporate governance. The International Journal of Accounting, 44(2), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2009.03.001

Elliott, J. A., & Shaw, W. H. (1988). Write-Offs as Accounting Procedures to Manage Perceptions. Journal of Accounting Research, 26, 91–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491182

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1995). Size and Book-to-Market Factors in Earnings and Returns. The Journal of Finance, L(1), 131–155.

Fields, T. D., Lys, T. Z., & Vincent, L. (2001). Empirical Research on Accounting Choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31, 255–307.

Filip, A., Jeanjean, T., & Paugam, L. (2015). Using Real Activities to Avoid Goodwill Impairment Losses: Evidence and Effect on Future Performance. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 42(3–4), 515–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12107

Francis, J., Hanna, J. D., & Vincent, L. (1996). Causes and Effects of Discretionary Asset Write-Offs. Journal of Accounting Research, 34(3), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491429

Giner, B., & Pardo, F. (2015). How Ethical are Managers’ Goodwill Impairment Decisions in Spanish-Listed Firms? Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2303-8

Glaum, M., Schmidt, P., Street, D. L., & Vogel, S. (2013). Compliance with IFRS 3- and IAS 36 -Required Disclosures Across 17 European countries: company - and country - level determinants. Accounting and Business Research, 43(3), 163–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2012.711131

Godfrey, J. M., & Koh, P. S. (2009). Goodwill Impairment as a Reflection of Investment Opportunities. Accounting and Finance, 49(1), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2008.00272.x

Gonçalves, C., Ferreira, L., Rebelo, E., & Fernandes, J. S. (2019). Big Bath and Goodwill Impairment. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios, 21(2), 312–331. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v21i2.3977

Gunn, J. L., Khurana, I. K., & Stein, S. E. (2018). Determinants and consequences of timely asset impairments during the financial crisis. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 45(1 e 2), 3–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12287

Hayn, C., & Hughes, P. J. (2006). Leading Indicators of Goodwill. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 21(3), 223–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X0602100303

Healy, P. M. (1985). The Effect os Bonus Schemes on Acoounting Decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 7, 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(85)90029-1

Healy, P. M. (2016). Reflections on M&A accounting from AOL’s acquisition of Time Warner. Accounting and Business Research, 46(5), 528–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2016.1182709

Holthausen, R. W., & Leftwich, R. W. (1983). The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: implications of costly Contracting and monitoring. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 77–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(83)90007-1

Huikku, J., Mouritsen, J., & Silvola, H. (2017). Relative reliability and the recognisable firm: Calculating goodwill impairment value. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 56, 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2016.03.005

Kabir, H., & Rahman, A. (2016). The role of corporate governance in accounting discretion under IFRS: Goodwill impairment in Australia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 12(3), 290–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2016.10.001

Kvaal, E. (2010). The Discount Rate of IAS 36 - a comment. Accounting in Europe, 7(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2010.485378

Lawrence, A., Sloan, R., & Sun, Y. (2013). Non-discretionary Conservatism: evidence and implications. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 56(2–3), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2013.10.005

Lazar, L. (2019). Manager’s Misinterpretation of Goodwill Impairments: evidence from German listed companies. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 15(2), 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2019.099144

Li, K. K., & Sloan, R. G. (2017). Has goodwill accounting gone bad? Review of Accounting Studies, 22(2), 964–1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-017-9401-7

Macedo, M. A. da S., & Fontes, P. V. da S. (2009). Análise do Comportamento Decisório de Analistas Contábil-Financeiros: um estudo com base na teoria da racionalidade limitada. Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade, 1(11), 159–186. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2009v6n11p159

Majid, J. A. (2015). Reporting Incentives, Ownership Concentration by the Largest Outside Shareholder, and Reported Goodwill Impairment Losses. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 11(3), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2015.07.002

Masters-Stout, B., Costigan, M. L., & Lovata, L. M. (2008). Goodwill Impairments and Chief Executive Officer Tenure. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 19(8), 1370–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2007.04.002

Mazzi, F., André, P., Dionysiou, D., & Tsalavoutas, I. (2017). Compliance with goodwill-related mandatory disclosure requirements and the cost of equity capital. Accounting and Business Research, 47(3), 268–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2016.1254593

Mazzi, F., Liberatore, G., & Tsalavoutas, I. (2016). Insights on CFOs’ Perceptions about Impairment Testing Under IAS 36. Accounting in Europe, 13(3), 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2016.1244341

Mohd-Saleh, N., & Omar, N. (2014). CEO Duality, Family-Control and Goodwill Impairment. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 7(1), 143–179.

Oliveira, J., Azevedo, G., & Oliveira, B. (2018). Impairment Losses: the impact of first-time adoption of the accounting standardisation system in Portugal. Australian Accounting Review, 28(4), 556–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12221

Paugam, L., Astolfi, P., & Ramond, O. (2015). Accounting for Business Combinations: do purchase price allocations matter? Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 34(4), 362–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2015.04.003

Petersen, C., & Plenborg, T. (2010). How do firms implement impairment tests of goodwill? Abacus, 46(4), 419–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.2010.00326.x

Rakoto, P. (2008). Determinants of the Corporate Decision to Record Goodwill Impairment Loss: Canadian evidence. Corporate Ownership and Control, 5(2–3), 393–399.

Ramanna, K., & Watts, R. L. (2012). Evidence on the Use of Unverifiable Estimates in Required Goodwill Impairment. Review of Accounting Studies, 17(4), 749–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-012-9188-5

Reis, E. M. dos, Lamounier, W. M., & Bressan, V. G. F. (2015). Avoiding Reporting Losses: an empirical study of earnings management via operating decisions. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 26(69), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201501070

Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K. K., & Seybert, N. (2015). Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment. The Accounting Review, 90(2), 739–759. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50879

Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2000). Accounting Theory. (B. Press, Ed.) (4 ed.).

Rield, E. J. (2004). An Examination of Long-Lived Asset Impairments. The Accounting Review, 79(3), 823–852. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.3.823

Saastamoinen, J., & Pajunen, K. (2016). Management discretion and the role of the stock market in goodwill impairment decisions - evidence from Finland. Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, 8(2), 172–195. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMFA.2016.077956

Sapkauskiene, A., Leitoniene, S., & Vainiusiene, E. (2016). Disclosure of goodwill impairment in the Baltic States. Engineering Economics, 27(4), 417–429. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.27.4.15360

Schatt, A., Doukakis, L., Bessieux-Ollier, C., & Walliser, E. (2016). Do Goodwill Impairments by European Firms Provide Useful Information to Investors? Accounting in Europe, 13(3), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2016.1254348

Shaari, H., Cao, T., & Donnelly, R. (2017). Reversals of impairment charges under IAS 36: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 14(3), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-017-0022-y

Silva, J. P. da, Bonfim, M. P., Niyama, J. K., & Silva, C. A. T. (2017). Impairment test e qualidade da informação contábil?: a utilização do teste de recuperabilidade de ativos nas empresas Brasileiras de capital aberto. XVI CICA – Congresso Internacional de Contabilidade e Auditoria, 12 e 13 Outrubro, Aveiro.

Simon, H. A. (1959). Theories of Decision-Making in Economis and Behavioral Science. The American Economic Review, 49(3), 253–283.

Strong, J. S., & Meyer, J. R. (1987). Asset Writedowns: managerial incentives and security returns. The Journal of Finance, 42(3), 643–661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb04574.x

Su, W. H., & Wells, P. (2018). Acquisition Premiums and the Recognition of Identifiable Intangible Assets in Business Combinations Pre- and Post-IFRS Adoption. Accounting Research Journal, 31(2), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-10-2015-0124

Vogt, M., Pletsch, C. S., Morás, V. R., & Klann, R. C. (2016). Determinants of Goodwill Impairment Loss Recognition. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 27(72), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201602010

Watts, R. L. (1992). Accounting Choice Theory and Market-Based Research in Accounting. Britshi Review, 24, 235–267.

Watts, R. L. (2003). Conservatism in Accounting Part I: Explanations and Implications. Accounting Horizons, 17(3), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2003.17.3.207

Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1990). Positive Accounting Theory: a ten year perspective. The Accounting Review, 65(1), 131–156.

Wong, P. W. Y. (2018). Are State Ownership and Auditors’ Locality Determinants of Asset Write-Downs? Evidence from China. China Journal of Accounting Research, 11(4), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2018.07.002

Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. (M. Press, Ed.) (2nd ed.).

Zang, Y. (2008). Discretionary Behavior with Respect to the Adoption of SFAS no. 142 and the Behavior of Security Prices. Review of Accounting and Finance (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.1108/14757700810853842

Zhuang, Z. (2016). Discussion of “An Evaluation of Asset Impairments by Australian firms and Whether they were Impacted by AASB 136.” Accounting and Finance, 56(1), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12194

Published

01-07-2020

How to Cite

CASTRO PINHEIRO ALVES, K. R.; TIBÚRCIO SILVA, C. A. Determinants of impairment test loss recognition. REVISTA AMBIENTE CONTÁBIL - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 112–135, 2020. DOI: 10.21680/2176-9036.2020v12n2ID19759. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufrn.br/ambiente/article/view/19759. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2024.

Issue

Section

Section 1: Accounting Applied to the Business Sector (S1)