Injuries in Off-road Motorcycling: an integrative literature review

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate through an integrative literature review types of injuries in off-road motorcycling according to the enduro, rally, motocross or trail modalities. Methods: This is qualitative bibliographic research. The articles were identified through the use of descriptors in the SciELO and PubMed databases, and were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The analyzed studies were published in the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, equivalent to 12.5% in the year of 2020 and 6.25% in other years. Therefore, most of the works were produced in the United Kingdom and the United States with 25% each, in Austria with 18.75% and in Germany, Australia, Italy, Japan and Brazil with 12.5% each country. In this context, it was found that the most frequent injuries were fractures, concussions, superficial abrasions, sprains, ligament injuries and dislocations, and they stood out mainly in the region of the upper and lower limbs, with a higher incidence in the hand and wrist in the upper limbs and knee. and ankle in lower limbs. Conclusion: The practice of off-road sports with motorcycles, such as enduro, motocross and trails are closely linked to numerous cases of injuries that are not exclusive to any specific sport. Several mechanisms cause injuries, but with the improvement of protective equipment and training can reduce the incidence, however, even with the use of protection, several other types of injuries still affect the practitioners of the sport.