Socio-Environmental Impacts of the Deactivation and Abandonment of the Municipal Landfill in Lagoa do Carro, Pernambuco: A Case Study

Abstract

This study analyzes the socio-environmental impacts resulting from the deactivation and abandonment of the municipal landfill of Lagoa do Carro, Pernambuco, Brazil. Although deactivated since December 2020, the site remains a source of environmental degradation and poses risks to public health. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, field observations, interviews with local residents and fishermen, as well as laboratory analyses of soil, water, and air quality. The results indicate the persistence of environmental contamination, with the presence of microplastics and heavy metals in the soil, exacerbated by the use of the area for livestock grazing and agricultural cultivation. The waters of the Capibaribe River show signs of pollution associated with leachate runoff, identified through planktonic bioindicators. Air quality is also compromised, as evidenced by the darkening of lichens due to the emission of toxic gases from spontaneous fires. From a social perspective, negative impacts on the local community were observed, including the lack of assistance for waste pickers and issues related to strong odors, disease vectors, and contamination of water used for fishing and recreation. It is concluded that the absence of effective environmental recovery measures following the landfill’s deactivation sustains ongoing socio-environmental risks, highlighting the need for greater public sector intervention.