Clinical monitoring of antimicrobial therapy: an analysis of the resistance profile in a university hospital
Keywords:
Antimicrobials; Bacterial resistance; Consumption indicators.Abstract
This study aimed to monitor the consumption of antimicrobials in a University Hospital, evaluating the profile of resistance to the strains tested, in the period from 2015 to 2017. This is a longitudinal, analytical study, with retrospective data collection carried out at the University Hospital from the Federal University of Piauí, with approximately 190 inpatient beds, in the period from 2015 to 2017. The variables studied were: DDD (Defined Daily Dose) and DOT (Days of therapy) indicators and microorganism resistance profile. Secondary data were collected after a positive opinion from the Ethics Committee. The first stage of the study verified the standardized antimicrobials from the hospital's drug list. Then, standardized antimicrobial consumption control data by the Hospital Infection Control Commission were used, with information on the antimicrobial used, dose, route of administration, dosage, hospitalization place, days of treatment of antimicrobials and data from management reports of the Application Management for University Hospitals. The results showed a reduction for the defined daily dose indicators in the first year, but soon after an increase in consumption between the years, listing the restricted use antimicrobials (liposomal amphotericin B, anidulafungin, linezolid, polymyxin B and tigecycline) and the group of carbapenems (imipenem and meorpenem). The DOT, on the other hand, showed a statistically significant decrease during the study period. Considering the resistance profile of microorganisms to antimicrobials, there was a growing increase in resistant strains in the period from 2016 to 2017. It is concluded that with the analysis methods for measuring consumption, they are tools that guide the management of the rational use of antimicrobials within the institution, contributing to control the resistance profile of the main strains.
Downloads
References
NOTA TÉCNICA GVIMS/GGTES/Anvisa Nº 01/2021 Notificação dos Indicadores Nacionais das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) e Resistência Microbiana (RM) 2021.Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt.br/centraisdeconteudo/publicacoes/servicosdesaude/notas-tecnicas/nota-tecnica-01-2021-formularios-iras-2021_atualizacao.pdf. Acessado em: 24 de setembro 2021.
ALMEIDA, R. C; MIRANDA, C. V; The importance of pharmaceutical in dispensing and control of medicines classified as antimicrobials. RSM – Revista Saúde Multidisciplinar 7ª Ed, 2020.1;
CANTAS, L; SHAH, S. Q. A.; CAVACO, L. M.; MANAIA, C. M.; WALSH, F.; POPOWSKA, M.; GARELICK, H.; BÜRGMANN, H.; SØRUM, H. A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota. Front Microbiol.; v. 4, artg. 96, Maio, 2013.
SZEKERES,E; BARICZ, A.; CHIRIAC, C. M.; FARKAS, A.; OPRIS, O.; SORAN, M. L.; ANDREI, A. S.; RUDI, K.; BALCAZAR, J. L.; DRAGOS, N.; COMAN, C. Abundance of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community composition in wastewater effluents from different Romanian hospitals. Environmental Pollution, v. 225, p. 304-315, 2017.
SANTANA, R. S.; VIANA, A. de C.; SANTIAGO, J. da S; MENEZES, M. S.; LOBO, I. M. F.; MARCELLINI, P. S. Consequências do uso excessivo de antimicrobianos no pós-operatório: o contexto de um hospital público. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. v. 41, n. 3, p. 149-154, 2014.
Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. Acesso em: 16 de Abril de 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/implementation/core-elements.html>
LIN, H.; DYAR, O. J.; KLINTZ, S. R.; ZHANG, J.; TOMSON, G. R.; HAO, M.; LUNDBORG, C. S. I. Trends and patterns of antibiotic consumption in Shanghai municipality, China: a 6 year surveillance with sales records, 2009–14. J Antimicrob Chemother, v. 71, p. 1723–1729, 2016.
ANDRADE, N. M. P.; NAGM, L.; MIRANDA, L. das N.; MOREIRA, A. A. M.; BERROCA, T. G.; SANTOS, D. C dos; SOUZA, E. C. de; ALAMO, L. D. Impacto financeiro decorrente do uso racional de antimicrobianos associado a melhorias no processo de liberação dos resultados microbiológicos. Boletim gerenciamento de risco, v. 18, edição 1, jul., 2015. Acesso em: 15 de Jan. de 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.hgis.org.br/docs/noticias/sentinela_impact_financeiro.pdf>
World Health Organization – WHO. The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance options for action. 2012. Acesso em: 25 de abril de 2017. Disponível em: < http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html>
JACOBY, T. S. Associação entre consumo de antimicrobianos e multirresistência bacteriana em centro de Terapia Intensiva de Hospital Universitário Brasileiro, 2004-2006. 2008. 104f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Médicas) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2008.
World Health Organization – WHO. Antimicrobial resistance: translating political commitment into national action. Boletim da Organização Mundial da Saúde, v. 95, p. 242, 2017. Acesso em: 25 de Março de 2017. Disponível em: < http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/95/4/17-191890/en/>
COLLADO, R.; LOSA, J. E.; ÁLVARO, E. A.; TOTO, P.; MORENO, L.; PÉREZ, M. Evaluación del consumo de antimicrobianos mediante DDD/100 estancias versus DDD/100 altas en la implantación de un Programa de Optimización del Uso de Antimicrobianos. Rev Esp Quimioter, v. 28, n. 6, p. 317-321, 2015.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 2616, 12 de maio de 1998. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil. Poder Executivo, Brasília, DF, 13 mai. 1998. Acesso em: 05 de abril de 2017. Disponível em: <http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/1998/prt2616_12_05_1998.html>.
MOMATTIN, H.; AL-ALIB, A. Y.; MOHAMMEDA, K.; AL-TAWFIQC, J. Benchmarking of antibiotic usage: An adjustment to reflect antibioticstewardship program outcome in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health, Agost, 2017. Acesso em: 15 de dezembro de 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28864362>
POLK, R. E.; FOX, C.; MAHONEY, A.; LETCAVAGE, J.; MACDOUGALL, C. Measurement of Adult Antibacterial Drug Use in 130 US Hospitals: Comparison of Defined Daily Dose and Days of Therapy. Clin. Infec. Dis. v. 44, p. 664-670, 2007.
MORRIS, A. M. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Appropriate Measures and Metrics to Study their Impact. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis, v.6, n.2, p.101-112, 2014. Acesso em 10 de janeiro de 2018. Disponível em: < https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999798>
ONZI, P. de S.; HOFFMAN, S. P.; CAMARGO, A. L. Avaliação do consumo de antimicrobianos injetáveis de um hospital privado no ano de 2009. R. Bras. Farm. Hosp. Serv. Saúde São Paulo. v.2, n.2, p.20-25, mai./ago, 2011.
VASCONCELOS, D.V., et al. O uso de antimicrobianos no âmbito hospitalar e as atribuições do farmacêutico na Comissão De Controle Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH). Rev. Elet. de Ciênc. Hum. Saúd. e Tecn. v. 8, n. 2, 2015.
SOUSA, D. C. P.; OLIVEIRA, A. DE L.; LIMA, H. S. M.; GURGEL, T. L.; FARIAS, A. A. Estudo da utilização do meropenem no hospital universitário alcides carneiro – HUAC. 2014.
KIDD, T. J.; MILLS, G.; SÁ-PESSOA, J.; DUMIGAN, A.; FRANK, C. G.; INSUA, J. L.; INGRAM, R.; HOBLEY, L.; BENGOECHEA, J. A. A Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance mechanism that subdues host defences and promotes virulence. EMBO Molec. Med., V. 9, N. 4, 2017.
MARTIN-LOECHES I.; TORRES A.; RINAUDO M.; TERRANEO S.; de ROSA F.; RAMIREZ P.; DIAZ E.; FERNÁNDEZ-BARAT L.; LI BASSI G. L.; FERRER M. Resistance patterns and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. Validation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of multidrug resistant organisms. J Infect. V.70, N.3, P.213-22, 2015.
DJORDJEVIC, Z. M.; FOLIC, M. M.; JANKOVIC, S. M. Influence of regular reporting on local Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. sensitivity to antibiotics on consumption of antibiotics and resistance patterns. J Clin Pharm Ther, v.42, n.5, p.585-590, oct, 2017.
GASPAR, G. G.; BELLISSIMO-RODRIGUES, F.; ANDRADE, L. N. D.; DARINI, A. L.; MARTINEZ, R. Induction and nosocomial dissemination of carbapenem and polymyxinresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ver. da Soc. Bras. de Med. Trop., v.48, n. 4, p. 483-487, jul-ago, 2015.
DINIZ, A. M. M.; SANTOS, R. M. C. Escherichia coli resistente a ciprofloxacina em pacientes internados em hospital universitário de Manaus, 2015. R Epid. Cont. Infec., Santa Cruz do Sul, V.7, N.1, P.20-24, 2017.
SANCHEZ, G. V.; MASTER, R. N.; CLARK, R. B.; FYYAZ, M.; DUVVURI, P.; EKTA, G.; BORDON, J. Klebsiella pneumoniae Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, United States, 1998–2010. Emerg Infect Dis. v.19, n.1, p.133-6, Jan 2013.
TEIXEIRA, L.M.; CARVALHO, M.G.; SCHEWMAKER, P.L.; FACKLAM, R.R. Enterococcus. In: LANDRY, J.H.; WARNOCK, M.L.; D.W. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Edited by VERSALOVIC American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 350-364, 2011.
MIRANDA, M. M.; SIMÕES, A. C. A.; teixeira, c. D. Resistência a antimicrobianos em cepas de Enterococcus spp. Isoladas da uti de um hospital de cachoeiro de itapemirim – ES. Rev. univap, v. 22, n. 40, 2016.
VIEIRA, P. B.; PICOLI, S. U. Acinetobacter baumannii Multirresistente: Aspectos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos. R bras ci Saúde, V.19, N.2, P.151-156, 2015.
DENT, L. L., MARSHALL, D. R., PRATAP, S. e HULETTE, R. B. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a descriptive study in a city hospital. BMC Infect Dis. V.10, p.196, 2010.