Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells over-expression of bone morphogenetic protein 9

Abstract

Bone tissue is composed of cells capable of tissue repair, remodeling and regeneration, but which, in large proportions, do not present satisfactory results. Thus, new therapies based on regenerative medicine using stem cells have been evaluated in order to solve the problem. The present study seeks to evaluate, through an integrative literature review, the bone formation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) over-expression of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9). This is an exploratory, qualitative and descriptive study. For its idealization, the descriptors registered in the DeCS/MeSH “regeneration”, “mesenchymal stem cells”, “bone morphogenetic protein 9” and “growth differentiation factor 2” were linked using the Boolean operators “and” and “or” and applied to the databases from PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Bireme and Google Scholar. Of the 142 studies located in a time frame of 10 years (2012 to 2022), 12 articles published in English and Portuguese were included in the final sample. Among the results, in vitro and in vivo studies show the therapy as promising in the process of bone tissue formation. BMP-9 and CTM increased the differentiation potency of cells in the tissue, enabling the repair of extensive bone defects. Technological tools of gene editing have suggested great possibilities to revolutionize science, since they are guides for the cleavage of DNA. Future studies are needed with a focus on cell therapy, so that the applicability of this technique is scientifically deepened and can later advance to its clinical use in the health sciences.