Epidemiological study of case notifications due to self-medication in the state of Piauí between 2012 and 2022

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of medicines, including self-medication, represents a significant challenge to health, society and the economy in many communities. In addition to involving the use of medications without medical advice, resulting in delays in seeking adequate assistance, with serious economic implications. The objective is to provide a comprehensive view of the epidemiological profile of self-medication notifications in the state of Piauí. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature, focusing on cases of self-medication in the state of Piauí between 2012 and 2022. Secondary data from DATASUS was used. Data collection involved systematic searches in databases, with analysis guided by the variables of year of notification, age group and sex. During the period studied, 405 incidents of self-medication were reported in the State of Piauí. Self-medication is common due to prior knowledge about the disease, lack of time to seek medical assistance and financial concerns. Young people and adults are more prone to the practice, influenced by advertising that promotes the consumption of medicines. The predominance of cases in urban areas, such as Picos, Teresina and Parnaíba, reflects the ease of access to medicines without a prescription. Self-medication represents a growing challenge for public health in Piauí, requiring preventive and educational measures, especially aimed at young people and women. Furthermore, the practice of "home-made pharmaceuticals" must be addressed to reduce the dangers related to self-medication. These actions are essential to combat this problem and ensure everyone's access to safe and effective healthcare.