Analysis of Soluble Solids Content and pH of Whey Protein supplements and their relationship with dental caries and tooth erosion

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries is characterized as an infectious oral pathology with a multifactorial origin, encompassing three primary factors: host tissues (saliva and tooth), substrate, and oral microflora. In contrast, dental erosion represents a form of wear in dental structure without the involvement of microorganisms. It involves a gradual loss of dental integrity induced by the action of chemicals, whether extrinsic or intrinsic, on the exposed surface within the oral cavity. Diet emerges as a significant contributor to both caries and dental erosion, with food exerting a direct impact on individual oral health. In this context, the pursuit of a healthier lifestyle has prompted the consumption of dietary supplements, particularly those sourced from proteins, such as Whey Protein. Objective: Due to the increased intake of Whey Protein supplements, it becomes crucial to investigate their physicochemical properties, including the quantification of total soluble solids and pH assessment, aiming to comprehend potential repercussions on oral health. Objective: Due to the increased intake of Whey Protein supplements, it becomes crucial to investigate their physicochemical properties, including the measurement of total soluble solids and pH assessment, aiming to understand the potential repercussions on oral health. Methodology: Five brands of Whey Protein were tested for the analysis of Total Soluble Solids and Titrateable Acidity, following the methodology outlined in the study by Instituto Adolfo Lutz (1985). Results: All tested supplements exhibited pH values surpassing the critical thresholds associated with dental enamel demineralization. Additionally, the sugar content exceeded the requisite levels for initiating cariogenic biofilm formation. Discussion: Refractometry, measured in °Brix, serves as a physical method for determining the quantity of total soluble solids in a sample. The percentage reading of ºBrix discloses the actual sugar concentration in the solution. Moreover, acidity plays a significant role in reducing the pH of saliva, compromising its buffering function that typically shields teeth from demineralization. In this context, the excessive consumption of acidic foods may contribute to the development of erosive lesions on the dental crown. Conclusion: All examined supplements exhibit elevated levels of Total Soluble Solids (TSS) associated with an acidic pH, situated below the critical threshold for dentin demineralization. This condition predisposes to the progression of both carious and non-carious lesions when consumed excessively or over prolonged periods without proper oral hygiene.