A relação entre moralidade e natureza humana sob uma perspectiva darwinista [Morality and human nature from a Darwinian perspective]

Roger Valério de Vargas Rex

doi:10.21680/1983-2109.2016v23n42ID9805

Autores/as

Roger Valério de Vargas Rex Universidade de Brasília http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-3170

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21680/1983-2109.2016v23n42ID9805

Palabras clave:

Natureza humana, Moralidade, Darwinismo

Resumen

Diante das fortes críticas sofridas pelas concepções essencialistas de natureza humana, buscamos identificar neste artigo se há algum sentido ainda em afirmarmos que a moralidade faz parte da natureza humana. Para responder essa questão, em primeiro lugar, apresentamos alguns dos principais argumentos que levaram à rejeição do essencialismo. Em seguida, examinamos duas opções que podem servir como ponto de partida na busca por um novo conceito de natureza humana: o conceito nomológico, proposto por Machery, e o conceito causal essencialista, proposto por Samuels. Após compararmos a visão tradicional com as propostas mencionadas, percebemos que qualidades similares àquelas tradicionalmente utilizadas para identificar um traço como pertencente à natureza humana na visão essencialista ainda podem servir como um ponto de partida para a identificação da natureza humana em um sentido que seja compatível com a Biologia moderna. Por fim, analisamos se a capacidade para fazer julgamentos morais envolve essas qualidades.

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A relação entre moralidade e natureza humana sob uma perspectiva darwinista [Morality and human nature from a Darwinian perspective]

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