POLISSACARÍDEOS EXTRAÍDOS DE ALGAS MARINHAS E SUAS APLICAÇÕES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS: UMA REVISÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18816/r-bits.v5i3.5898Abstract
A biodiversidade marinha brasileira tem sido reconhecida por ser fonte de compostos com propriedades biológicas diversas. As algas marinhas são consideradas fontes valiosas de diversos compostos bioativos, entre eles os polissacarídeos. Os principais polissacarídeos conhecidos de algas marinhas são carragenanas, agaranas e alginatos, mas também são relatadas as galactanas híbridas, fucanas e laminarinas. Algumas dessas macromoléculas apresentam alguns dos grupos hidroxila dos resíduos de açúcar substituídos por grupamentos sulfato, sendo chamados de polissacarídeos sulfatados. Em linhas gerais, os polissacarídeos extraídos de algas marinhas apresentam várias atividades biológicas com potenciais benefícios para a saúde, tais como atividade anticoagulante e antitrombótica, antiviral, anti-tumor, imunomodulatória, antioxidante e anti-hiperlipêmica, e aplicações bastante diversificadas na área de alimentos, farmacêutica, biomédica e biotecnológica. No Brasil, a exploração de espécies com fins comerciais de maior porte corresponde à coleta de algas vermelhas no litoral do nordeste. Entretanto, as algas marinhas ainda são um recurso pouco explorado no Brasil, sendo necessário potencializar os recursos científicos, tecnológicos e financeiros, bem como diminuir a distância entre pesquisas em polissacarídeos de algas e produção e exploração no mercado.
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