Evaluation of the geometric quality of point clouds generated by smartphones

Abstract

3D modeling is a widely used tool for analyzing three-dimensional data, offering high precision and detailed information about the studied objects. Among the technologies employed, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) stands out for its ability to generate high-quality point clouds through laser scanning. With technological advancements, smartphones equipped with LiDAR sensors, such as the Apple iPhone 14 Pro, provide greater flexibility and productivity compared to traditional equipment.This study evaluated the geometric quality of 3D point clouds generated by the smartphone's LiDAR sensor and close-range photogrammetry. The case study focused on the façade of the Laboratory of Surveying and Cartographic Engineering, located on the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa, in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Measurements obtained with a Total Station were used as a reference for analyzing geometric quality.The results indicated that for small objects, close-range photogrammetry performed better in terms of geometric definition. On the other hand, for larger areas, such as a building façade, the LiDAR system demonstrated superior geometric quality in the generated point clouds.This study shows that the choice of the most suitable technology depends on the size and characteristics of the analyzed object, highlighting the potential of smartphones equipped with LiDAR sensors for specific applications in obtaining three-dimensional data.