Public budget and crime: an analysis based on the examination of indicators of lethal and non-lethal crimes in the state of Ceará
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21680/2176-9036.2024v16n1ID35016Keywords:
Public budget. Budget Execution. Crime. Linear Regression. Ceara.Abstract
Objective: This article aims to analyze a possible relationship between budget execution and crime levels in the State of Ceará between 2012 and 2021.
Methodology: Use of linear regression using dependent variables (budgetary expenditures with the public security function) and independent variables (public revenue, intentional lethal violent crimes, seizure of weapons, violent property crimes, thefts, and sexual crimes).
Results: After evaluating the proposed variables, the results showed the influence of 2 (two) of the 6 (six) independent variables analyzed: revenue at 1% and theft at 10%. The other indicators related to intentional lethal violent crimes, gun seizures, violent property crimes, and sex crimes did not show consistent results.
Contributions of the Study: Expands the level of knowledge about possible relationships between budget expenditures and crime (its various typologies), in order to better understand whether effectively only spending on public security can influence the level of crime in a state of the federation.
Downloads
References
Afonso, J. R. Public spending on public security. (2017). Economic Conjuncture, 71(11), 26-28. https://hml-bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/rce/article/view/75268/72089
Anjos, D. A., Vieira, M. A., & Almeida, F. M. (2017). Analysis of the determinants of Public Security in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Brazilian Journal of Public Security Studies, 10(2). http:// 10.29377/rebesp.v10i2.279
Arantes, V. A., Archangel, S., Silva, E. A., & Luquini, R. A. (2012). Public Security in the Municipalities of Minas Gerais: Efficiency and Allocation of Public Resources. Journal of the Faculty of Management and Economics, 4(1), 128-145. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-9583/refae.v4n1p128-145
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). (2019). Estimating the impact of public spending on security on homicide rates. Retrieved February 9, 2023, https://publications.iadb.org/publications/portuguese/viewer/Criminalidade_e_despesas_p%C3%BAblicas_no_Brasil_Estimativa_do_impacto_dos_gastos_p%C3%BAblicos_em_seguran%C3%A7a_sobre_as_taxas_de_homic%C3%ADdio_pt.pdf
Becker, G. (1968). Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394
Blumstein, A., & Wallman, J. (2000). The Crime Drop in America. 2ª edição. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616167
Bonh, L., Dalberto, C. R., Ervilha, G. T. Gomes, A. P. (2015). Efficiency indexes of the spending on the public safety in the cities of the state of Minas Gerais: analysis using the DEA methodology. Economic Analysis of Law Review, 6(1), 34-54.
Brown, J. (2016). Social Support and Crime: A State-Level Analysis of Social Support Policies. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 43(2), 135-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20779-3_12
Chein, F. (2019). Introduction to linear regression models: an initial step to understanding econometrics as a public policy evaluation tool. Brasilia: Enap, 77p.
Constitution of the Republic of Brazil. (1988). Brasilia. Retrieved 20 May 2022, https:// www.presidencia.gov.br/casacivil/site/static/ le.htm
Constitution of the State of Ceará (1989). Ceará, CE. Retrieved February 9, 2023, https://www.al.ce.gov.br/paginas/constituicao-do-estado-do-ceara
Costa, R. A. da., Pea, G. T., Viana, D. W., & Gomes, A. P. (2019). The efficiency of cultural expenditures in reducing crime and raising schooling in Minas Gerais. Management & Regionality, 35(104), 26-45. https://doi.org/ 10.13037/gr.vol35n104.4949
Cullen, F., Wright, J. E, Chamlin, M. (1999). Social support and social reform: A progressive crime control agenda. Crime & Delinquency, 45(2), 188-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045002002
Durkheim, E. (1897). The rules of the sociological method. 13.ed. São Paulo: Nacional.
Faria, J. A. V. de. (2019). The Financing of Public Security in Brazil in view of the Publication of Law No. 13,675, of June 11, 2018. Journal of the Court of Auditors of the State of Minas Gerais, 37(2), 25-41.
Favero, L. P., Belfiore, P. (2017). Manual of data analysis: statistics and multivariate modeling with Excel®, SPSS® and Stata®. Elsevier Brazil.
Ferro, A. L. A. (2006). Organized crime and criminal organizations: concept, characteristics, criminological aspects and criminal political suggestions. (Doctoral Thesis in Law) – Law School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Figueiredo, S. O., Sincorá, L. A., Leite, M. C. de O., & Brandão, M. M. (2021). Determinants of crime control in the management of public security policies. Journal of Public Administration, 55(2), 438-458. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200058
Fisher, G. W. (1961). Determinants of state and local government expenditures: a preliminary analysis. National Tax Journal, 14(4), 349-355.
Brazilian Forum of Public Security. (2019a). Brazilian Yearbook of Public Security, 13. Retrieved February 10, 2022, https://www.forumseguranca.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Anuario-2019-FINAL_21.10.19.pdf
Brazilian Forum of Public Security. (2019b). The New Single System of Public Safety: Questions about Public Safety Funding. Texts for debate, n. 2. Retrieved February 10, 2022, https://www.forumseguranca.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Estudo-sobre-Financiamento-v6.pdf
Freitas Júnior, F. L., Araújo, R. J. R., Silva, P. E. N. T. B., & Lins, D. C. (2020). Brazilian state public safety: what influences its performance? Journal of Management, Accounting and Sustainability, 10(1), 89-99. https://doi.org/ 10.18696/reuni.v10i1
Garland, D. (2001). The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society. University of Chicago Press.
Gil, A. C. (2010). How to develop research projects. 5. ed. St. Paul: Atlas.
Goncalves Filho, C. Pena, S. A., Souki, G. Q., & Mello, J. R. C. A. (2020). Crime in Brazil: a public health problem. Journal of Hospital Administration and Innovation in Health, 17(3). https://doi.org/ 10.21450/rahis.v17i3.6539.
Hinkle, J. C.; Weisburd, D. (2008). The irony of broken windows policing: A micro-place study of the relationship between disorder, focused police crackdowns and fear of crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(6), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.09.010
Kahn, T. (1999). The costs of violence: how much is spent or not earned because of crime in the State of São Paulo. St. Paul in Perspective, 13(4), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88391999000400005
Kelly, M. Inequality and Crime. (2000). Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(4), 530-539. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300559028
Law no. 13,675, of June 11, 2018. (2018). Regulates the organization and functioning of the bodies responsible for public security. Brasilia, DF. Retrieved May 20, 2022, https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2018/Lei/L13675.htm
Lima, R. S., Bueno, S., Mingardi, G. (2016). State, police and public security in Brazil. GV Law Journal, 12(1), 49-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172201603
Loureiro, A. O. F. (2009). An evaluation of the determinants of crime in Ceará. In: Carvalho, E. B. S. Economia do Ceará em Debate 2008. Fortaleza: IPECE, 195-211.
Loureiro, A. O. F.; Carvalho, J.R. (2006). An econometric analysis of the impact of public spending on crime in Brazil. Fortaleza: Laboratory of Poverty Studies/CAEN/UFC. Essay on Poverty, 09. Retrieved May 20, 2022, http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1541#:~:text=Na%20maioria%20das%20estimativas%2C%20os,para%20a%20redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20crime
Machado, D. D. (2021). The theory of Cesare Lombroso and its influence on society. Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Core of Knowledge, 7, 57-73. Retrieved February 10, 2023, https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/lei/cesare-lombroso
Magalhães, B. R., Sabatine, T. T. (2012). Public safety and health: prevention as a challenge for action on violence and accidents. In: Challenges to public security: social control, democracy and gender. São Paulo: Academic Culture.
Medeiro, D. P. (2019). Criminological hygienism and the establishment through lex positiva as a form of control against the wicked individuals predestined to crime according to the ideals of the obsolete Italian positive school and its (still) application in Brazil today. Cryptic Capture: Law, Politics, Actuality, 8(1), 173-188.
Melo, E. M. (2010). We can prevent violence. Elza Machado Melo/ Brasília: Pan American Health Organization.
Mendonca, M. J. (2000). A Crime Model for the Brazilian Case. IPEA. Manuscript. Retrieved November 20, 2022, http://www.anpec.org.br/encontro2001/artigos/200106193.pdf
Mount, M. M.; Leopoldino, C. B. (2020). Analysis of the Relative Efficiency of State Expenditures on Public Security. Journal of Management in Analysis, 9(2), 48-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2359-618xregea.v9i2.p48-59.2020
Oliveira, A. C. P. (2014). Broken Windows Theory: its application in pacifying police units. Electronic Journal Integrated Colleges Vianna Júnior, year VI. Retrieved February 10, 2023, from file:///C:/Users/rober/Downloads/485-Text%20do%20article-415-913-10-20190214%20(1).pdf
Hairstyle, N. S. (2021). Schematic Handbook of Criminology. Saraiva: Education AS.
Peres, U. D., Bueno, S., & Tonelli, G. M. (2016). Municipalities and Public Security in Brazil: an analysis of the relevance of local entities for the financing of public security since the 1990s. Brazilian Journal of Public Security, 10(2).
Peres, U. D.; Bueno, S.; Milk, C. K. S.; Lima, R. S. (2014). Public security: reflections on the financing of its public policies in the Brazilian federative context. Brazilian Journal of Public Security, 8(1), 132-153.
Rezende, F. A. (2002). Public Finance. 2. ed. St. Paul: Atlas.
Ribeiro, H.M. D.; & Freitas, O. S. (2021). Economy and crime: an evaluation of the costs of violence for the municipality of Governador Valares, MG. Interactions, 22(2), 683-700. https://doi.org/10.20435/inter.v22i2.2126
Santos, I. G., Gontijo, J. G. L., & Amaral, E. F.L. (2015). Public security policy in Brazil: an analysis of state spending (1999-2010). Public Opinion, 21, 105-131. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-0191211105
Sapori, L. F. (2007). Public security in Brazil: challenges and perspectives. FGV: publisher.
Schull, A. N.; Feitosa, C. G.; Hein, A. F. (2014). Analysis of the efficiency of public security spending in Brazilian states through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Scientific Capital Magazine, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.5935/2177-4153.20140023
Shelton, C. A. (2007). The size and composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 91, 2230-2260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.01.003Get rights and content
Smith, E. M. da, & Sales, J. P. G. S. (2014). Public Security: A look at the State of Ceará. Meeting of research and extension of the Luciano Feijão College, Sobral.
Smith, P. E. N. T. B. (2021). Crime indicators related to spending on public security in Brazilian states. 46f. Dissertation (Master in Accounting) - Center for Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal.
Spaniol, M. I.; Moraes, M. C. Jr.; Rodrigues, C. R. G. (2020). How has public security been planned in Brazil? Analysis of the National Security Plans and Programs implemented in the post-Redemocratization period. Brazilian Journal of Public Security,14(2), 100-127. 10.31060/rbsp.2020.v14.n2.1035
Sutherland, E. H. (1974). Principles of criminology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
Court of Auditors of the Union. (2014). TCU Report on Public Safety Governance Indices. Case: 018.922/2013-9, Judgment 1042/2014. Brasilia, DF. Retrieved 20 May 2022, http://portal.tcu.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/tcu-divulga-indices-de-governanca-na-seguranca-publica.htm
Ukwueze, E. R. (2015). Determinantes of the Size of Public Expenditure in Nigeria. SAGE Open, 5(4), 1-8.
Wooldrige, J. M. (2014). Introduction to econometrics: a modern approach. São Paulo: Thompson Learning.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1998). World health statistics annual. Geneva: WHO.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA AMBIENTE CONTÁBIL - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this magazine agree with the following terms:
Authors keep the copyrights and concede the right of its first publication to the magazine. The work piece must be simultaneously licensed on the Creative Commons Attribution Licence which allows the paper sharing, and preserves both the author identity and the right of first publication to this magazine.
Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, to not-exclusively distribution of the paper version published in this magazine (e.g.: publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with the author identity recognition and its first publication in this magazine.
Authors are permitted and stimulated to publish and distribute their papers online (e.g.: in institutional repository or on their personal webpage), considering it can generate productive alterations, as well as increase the impact and the quotations of the published paper.
Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional.