ARGUMENTATIVE TECHNIQUES OPERATIONALIZED IN AN ESSAY GRADE 1000 OF ENEM

Abstract

In nowadays, one of the ways to enter public and private universities in Brazil is through the National High School Exam.  One of the eliminatory criteria used in this process is the production of a dissertation-argumentative text in which the candidate defends, based on consistent arguments, a point of view on a topic that generally addresses issues of a social nature. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to analyze one of the best essays written and graded 1000 presented in the Enem 2020 participant booklet (Brazil, 2020) in order to identify the argumentative techniques operationalized in it.  As a theoretical basis, we are based on the studies of New Rhetoric, conducted by Chaïm Perelman; Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, (2014 [1958]).  The theoretical focus focuses on logos - approached through argumentative connection techniques.  But considering that logos makes up the rhetorical triad, ethos and pathos are also taken into account during the analysis.  Methodologically, through a qualitative approach, we used the structure of analysis grids proposed by Madureira and Sá (2021), which were completed according to the argumentative techniques taken into account in the analysis.  In this way, it was possible to see that, aiming to gain the audience's support for his speech, the speaker (as a candidate for a university place through Enem), operationalized some argumentative connection techniques that contributed to achieving a grade 1000 in the essay. The analysis revealed that, among these techniques, samples the rule of justice, the authority argument and the argument by illustration were identified.