Type II Diabetes. Does nonsurgical periodontal therapy improve glycemic control in patientes?

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a condition in which protective or supportive tissues of the tooth are affected by chronic inflammation caused by pathogens. This condition may be modified or associated with systemic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: To evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in patients diagnosed with T2DM. Methodology: An integrative review was performed using randomized clinical trials indexed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and BVS databases. The descriptors “periodontal disease treatment,” “glycemic control,” and “metabolic control” were used. Results: From the reviewed studies, six were selected for the review considering the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Basic periodontal therapy improves glycemic control in patients with T2DM, as evidenced by analysis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, based on the results of this research, nonsurgical periodontal treatment contributes to metabolic control. However, some studies contradict the effect of glycemic control in these patients, reinforcing the presence of variables that interfere with research results, such as hemoglobin levels, stage of periodontal disease, sample, diet and physical activity of patients. Conclusions: The results should be evaluated with more caution considering the potential variables present in this type of research. Finally, controlled trials should be conducted to understand better the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

Keywords: Periodontal diseases; glycemic index; glycated hemoglobin.