Guerra en Ucrania
el desplazamiento del centro de gravedad de las Naciones Unidas del Consejo de Seguridad a la Asamblea General
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21680/1982-310X.2023v16n2ID36160Palabras clave:
Organización de las Naciones Unidas, Consejo de Seguridad, Asamblea General, Rusia, Ucrania, Guerra, Paz y seguridad internacionales.Resumen
El 24 de febrero de 2022, el presidente ruso Vladímir Putin decidió lanzar una vasta ofensiva de las fuerzas armadas rusas por tierra, mar y aire en todo el territorio de Ucrania, bajo la apariencia de lo que se justificó como una "operación militar especial". Esta guerra iniciada por Rusia contra Ucrania puso de manifiesto las deficiencias de las Naciones Unidas cuando se ve involucrado un miembro permanente del Consejo de Seguridad. Desde el comienzo de las hostilidades armadas, el Consejo de Seguridad —un órgano de composición restringida que asume la responsabilidad principal del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales— quedó paralizado en su actuación debido al veto ruso. Por el contrario, la Asamblea General, el órgano plenario, experimentó un renovado dinamismo que le permitió intervenir en apoyo a Ucrania y adoptar una serie de resoluciones importantes, aunque no vinculantes. Así, el centro de gravedad de las Naciones Unidas se desplazó de un Consejo de Seguridad inmovilizado hacia una Asamblea General revitalizada, capaz de recordar los principios fundamentales del derecho internacional en un momento en que estos están siendo tan flagrantemente ignorados.
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