ORIGENS DA IDEIA DE LIBERDADE NO OCIDENTE

DA LIBERDADE ANTIGA À MODERNA E A SÍNTESE KANTIANA DO LIBERALISMO COMO CONJUNTO DOUTRINÁRIO

Abstract

Liberalism as a doctrinal set is not only a modern phenomenon, it has ground and antecedents in Antiquity, with Stoic and Sophist humanism and reappears in modernity after Christian personalism, which strengthened and expanded the structure of individuality, found in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant his doctrinal synthesis and perspective of preserving freedom in the effective moral and political elements of reforming the State and defending human dignity based on the will of the individual, as Kant was a liberal republican, defender of modern science and the Enlightenment contrary to absolutism. Kant proclaims the unconditionality of the will in his free will of the moral law, which summarizes Western freedom in its most relevant ground of moral and political value as a legal and political project.